The history of art unfolds logically from the growth of stable societies with a leisure class. The graphic arts and sculpture were developed in many places in the world, but were first mastered in Egypt and the Mediterranean and reached a maturity of craft in the Greek, Roman, and Byzantine eras. Sculptors of the Greek states (Myron, Polykleitos, Phidias, and other unknown artists) attained a level of ability which arguably has never been equaled. Wall painting and mosaics of beauty and skill were produced by Roman and Byzantine artists, but their knowledge and techniques were largely lost or abandoned in the Dark Ages and few works (mostly unattributed) have survived. China’s early cultural maturity allowed painting to reach an early peak with the T’ang and succeeding dynasties which was sustained through the successive waxing and waning of Chinese culture. However, in China and Japan the reverence of beauty inspired later artists to respond to the achievements of the past rather than developing in radical new directions. The rebirth of European societies in the late Middle Ages encouraged a similar desire to copy the Greek and Roman past, but the differing preoccupations of Christianity, new beliefs, aesthetics and social changes, and the development of new techniques of painting (by van Eyck and others) and the rediscovery of perspective (beginning with the works of Brunelleschi and Masaccio) led to the creative peak of the Renaissance (Leonardo, Michelangelo, Raphael, Titian). Naturalism and realism influenced European artistic ideals over time (reflected in profound works by the Dutch masters, Velazquez, and others) culminating in the development of abstraction. In the late 19th century, photography began to take the place of portrait and landscape painting, and artists (led by Picasso) turned away from Realism and even Impressionism toward abstract and geometric compositions, then into surrealism and (beginning with Kandinsky and others) explicitly anti-rational Abstract Expressionism and Futurism which represent an attack on traditional aesthetic values and meaning. In the modern era painting has arguably been lost as a medium of artistic expression --- the primary purposes of art are allegory and social commentary, and both are usually simplistic and crude. Some contemporary decorative art is successful, but much late 20th-century art is self-consciously ugly, and will probably not survive. There are interesting trends in art today, but the degradation of aspiration in art is profound and will be difficult to overcome.

A FEW GREAT WESTERN ARTISTS AND THEIR WORKS

THE LATE MIDDLE AGES:

Pietro Cavallini, c. 1250-1330

Basilica of Santa Cecilia in Trastavere, Rome
Giotto di Bondone 1266-1337

Basilica of Saint Francis, Assisi (c. 1300-1305, attrib. uncertain)†
Scrovegni (Arena) Chapel, Padua (c. 1305)

Church of Santa Croce, Florence

Melchior Broederlam 14th-15th c.

Champmol Altarpiece, Musée Magnin, Dijon

Master of Flémalle (Robert Campin?) 14th-15th c.

Merode Altarpiece, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York

Heinrich von Werl, St. John the Baptist, St. Barbara, Museo del Prado, Madrid (c. 1438)

Other noteworthy artists:

Giovanni Cimabue c. 1240-1302

Duccio di Bouninsegna c. 1255-c. 1318

Simone Martini c. 1284-1344

Ambrogio Lorenzetti c. 1290-1348

Jean Pucelle 13th-14th c.

Giusto de'Menabuoi c. 1320-1391

Altichiero da Zevio c. 1330-1395

Jean Malouel c. 1365-1415

Lorenzo Monaco 1370-1425

Gentile da Fabriano 1370-1427
Herman, Jean and Paul Limbourg c. 1370-c 1416

THE RENAISSANCE:

Jan van Eyck c 1390-1441

Ghent Altarpiece, St. Bavo Cathedral, Ghent (1427-32)†

Man with a Ring, Romanian Natl. Museum, Bucharest
Man in a Turban, National Gallery, London (1433)†

Betrothal of the Arnolfini, National Gallery, London

Madonna with Chancellor Rolin, Louvre, Paris

Madonna with Canon van der Paele, Groeninge Museum, Bruges (c. 1436)

Masaccio (Tommaso di Giovanni) 1401-1428

Altarpiece (San Giovenale Triptych), Cascia di Reggello, Florence

Cappella Brancacci, Santa Maria del Carmine, Florence (1425-28)†

Holy Trinity, Santa Maria Novella, Florence (1426-28)†

Nativity, Staatliche Museen, Berlin

Filippo Lippi 1406-1469

San Maria Sopra Minerva, Rome

Piero della Francesca c 1416-1492

Legend of the True Cross (incl. The Death of Adam), San Francesco, Arezzo (c. 1452-66)

The Flagellation, Galleria Nazionale delle Marche, Urbino

Nativity, National Gallery, London

Giovanni Bellini c 1426-1516

Frari Triptych, Santa Maria Gloriosa, Venice

The Virgin and Child with Saints, San Zaccaria, Venice

St. Job Altarpiece, Accademia, Venice

The Feast of the Gods, National Gallery of Art, Washington

Sandro Botticelli c. 1445-1510

Primavera, Uffizi Gallery, Florence

The Birth of Venus, Uffizi (c. 1484-85)

Madonna and Child with Eight Angels, Gemäldegalerie, Berlin

Calumny of Apelles, Uffizi

Domenico Ghirlandaio 1449-1494

Old Man and his Grandson, Louvre

Santa Maria Novella, Florence

Leonardo da Vinci 1452-1519

Adoration of the Magi, Uffizi

The Virgin of the Rocks, Louvre (1483-86)†

Vitruvian Man, Accademia, Venice

The Last Supper, Santa Maria delle Grazie, Milan (1495-98)†

Mona Lisa (La Gioconda), Louvre (c. 1503-06)†

Virgin and Child with St. Anne, Louvre

Self-Portrait, Biblioteca Reale, Turin
Filippino Lippi 1457-1504
Apparition of the Virgin to St. Bernard, Badia Fiorentina, Florence

Albrecht Dürer 1471-1528

Self-Portrait at 26, Prado

Portrait of a Young Venetian Woman, Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna

Young Hare, Graphische Sammlung Albertina, Vienna

Portrait of a Young Man, Palazzo Rosso, Genoa (1506)

Feast of the Rose Garlands, National Gallery, Prague

Adam and Eve, Prado

St. Jerome in His Study, Melencolia I and Knight, Death and the Devil, multiple collections

Triumphal Arch, National Museum, Nuremberg

Four Holy Men, Alte Pinakothek, Munich (1526)†

Portrait of Hieronymus Holzschuher, Staatliche

Michelangelo Buonarroti 1475-1564

The Holy Family, Uffizi

Sistine Chapel, Vatican (incl. The Last Judgment) (1508-12, 1535-41)†

Pauline Chapel, Vatican

Giorgione (Giorgio da Castelfranco) c 1477-1510

The Tempest, Accademia, Venice

Laura, Kunsthistorisches Museum

Sleeping Venus, Gemäldegalerie, Dresden (partly attrib. to Titian)

Raffaello Sanzio 1483-1520

Baronci Altarpiece, Louvre and Pinacoteca Tosio Martinengo, Brescia

Three Graces, Musée Condé, Chantilly

Madonna del Granduca, Pitti Palace, Florence

St. Catherine, National Gallery, London

Stanza della Segnatura (incl. The School of Athens and Disputa), Vatican (c. 1509-12)†

Alba Madonna, National Gallery, Washington (1511)
The Mass at Bolsena, Stanza di Eliodoro, Vatican (1512-14)

Sistine Madonna, Gemäldegalerie, Dresden (c. 1514)†

Madonna della seggiola, Pitti Palace (1514)

Portrait of Baldassare Castiglione, Louvre (c. 1516)

The Ecstasy of St. Cecilia, Pinacoteca Nazionale, Bologna (c. 1516)

Andrea del Sarto 1486-c 1530

Disputation on the Trinity, Pitti Palace

Portrait of a Young Man, National Gallery, London (1518)

Basilica della Santissima Annunziata (incl. Madonna with the Sack), Florence (1525)
Portrait of Beccuccio Bicchieraio, National Museum of Scotland

Tiziano Vecellio c 1490-1576

The Concert, Pitti Palace

Sacred and Profane Love, Borghese Gallery

Man in a Red Cap, Frick Collection, New York

Man with a Glove, Louvre (c. 1522)†

Venus Anadyomene, National Gallery of Scotland, Edinburgh

La Bella, Pitti Palace

Venus of Urbino, Uffizi

Pietro Aretino, Pitti Palace

Pope Paul III and his Grandsons, Museo di Capodimonte, Naples (1546)†

Adam and Eve, Prado

Danae with Nursemaid, Prado

St. Sebastian, Hermitage, St. Petersburg

Portrait of Francesco Maria della Rovere, Uffizi

Pietà, Accademia, Venice

Hans Holbein the Younger c. 1497-1543

Portrait of Nicolaus Kratzer, Louvre

Portrait of Sir Thomas More, Frick, New York City (1527)

Portrait of the Merchant Georg Gisze, Staatliche (1532)

The Ambassadors, National Gallery, London

Sir Richard Southwell, Uffizi

Tintoretto (Jacopo Robusti) 1518-1594

Three Graces, Ducal Palace, Venice

Scuola Grande di San Rocco, Venice

Pieter Bruegel the Elder c. 1525-1569

Winter Landscape with Skaters, Private collection, Brussels

The Parable of the Blind, Museo di Capodimonte

Paolo Veronese 1528-1588

The Marriage at Cana, Louvre (1563)

Feast in the House of Levi, Accademia, Venice (1573)

The Vision of St. Helena, National Gallery, London

Other noteworthy artists:

Masolino da Panicale c. 1383-1447

Fra Angelico (Guido di Pietro) c. 1387-1455

Paolo Uccello 1397-1475

Rogier van der Weyden c. 1400-1464

Domenico Veneziano c. 1400-1461

Domenico di Bartolo c. 1400-c. 1445

Dierec Bouts c. 1415-1475

Andrea del Castagno c. 1421-1457

Alesso Baldovinetti 1426-1499

Antonello da Messina c. 1430-1479

Andrea Mantegna c. 1431-1506

Hans Memling c. 1435-1494

Michael Pacher c. 1435-1498

Melozzo da Forli 1438-1494

Luca Signorelli c. 1440-1523

Pietro Perugino (Pietro Vannucci) 1446-1524

Hieronymus Bosch c. 1450-1516

Vittore Carpaccio c. 1455-1526
Giovanni Cima da Conegliano c. 1459-1518

Mathias Grünewald c. 1460-1528

Gerard David c. 1460-1523

Piero di Cosimo c. 1462-1521

Quentin Matsys c. 1465-1530

Giuliano Bugiardini 1475-1554

Mabuse (Jan Gossaert)? c. 1480-1534

Albrecht Altdorfer c. 1480-1558
Lorenzo Lotto 1480-1556
Palma Vecchio c. 1480-1528

Correggio (Antonio Allegri) c. 1489-1534

Giulio Clovio 1498-1578

Maarten van Heemskerck 1498-1574
Perin del Vaga (Piero Buonaccorsi) 1501-1547

Parmigianino (Girolamo Mazzola)

Pedro Campaña 1503-1586

Corneille de Lyon c. 1510-c 1574

Giovanni Moroni c. 1530-1578

Willem van Haecht 1593-1637
Domenikos Theotocopoulos 1541-1614

17TH/18TH CENTURIES:

Jan Brueghel the Elder 1568-1625

Bouquet in a Clay Vase, Kunsthistorisches Museum, c. 1600
Allegory of Sight, Prado, c. 1619 (with Rubens)

Frans Hals c 1581-1666

Banquet of the Officers of the St George Civic Guard, Frans Hals Museum, Haarlem

The Company of St. George, Frans Hals Museum, Haarlem

The Laughing Cavalier, Wallace Collection, London (1624)

Isaac Abrahamsz Massa, Art Gallery of Ontario, Toronto (1626)

Nicolaes Hasselaer, Rijksmuseum

Jan van Goyen 1596-1656

View of Rhenen, Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington

Diego Velázquez 1599-1660

Old Woman Frying Eggs, National Gallery of Scotland, Edinburgh

The Waterseller of Seville, Wellington Museum, London (c. 1623)

The Toilet of Venus (Rokeby Venus), National Gallery, London

The Surrender of Breda, Prado
Juan de Pareja, Metropolitan Museum of Art

Pope Innocent X, Doria-Pamphili Gallery, Rome (c. 1650)†

The Maids of Honor (The Family of Philip IV), Prado (1656)

The Tapestry Weavers, Prado (c. 1657)

Salomon van Ruysdael c. 1602-1670

Wooded River Landscape, private

Rembrandt van Rijn 1606-1669

Self-Portrait, Mauritshuis

Portrait of Nicolaes Ruts, Frick Collection, New York

Supper at Emmaus, Louvre

The Night Watch, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam (1642)

The Artist's Son Titus, Wallace Collection, London

Descent from the Cross, National Gallery of Art, Washington (c. 1651)

Self-Portrait, National Gallery, London (1659)

The Syndics of the Drapers’ Guild, Rijksmuseum (1662)

The Return of the Prodigal Son, Hermitage (c. 1669)†

David and Uriah, Hermitage

Head of Christ, Metropolitan Museum of Art (uncertain attrib.)

Michiel Sweerts 1618-1664

Portrait of a Girl, Leicestershire Museum, Leicester

Jacob van Ruisdael c. 1628-1664

The Jewish Cemetery, Gemäldegalerie, Dresden

Windmill at Wijk near Duurstede, Rijksmuseum

Jan Vermeer 1632-1775

Soldier and Laughing Girl, Frick Collection, New York City

The Procuress, Gemäldegalerie

The Kitchen Maid, Rijksmuseum

Woman Holding a Balance, National Gallery, Washington (c. 1664)

Girl with a Pearl Earring, Mauritshuis, The Hague (c. 1665)†

The Painter's Studio (Art of Painting), Kunsthistorisches Museum (c. 1666)†
Giovanni Canal (Canaletto) 1697-1768
Return of the Bucintoro to the Molo on Ascension Day, Windsor Royal Collection, London

Francisco de Goya y Lucientes 1746-1828

Meadow of San Isidro on his Feast Day, Prado

The Nude Maja, Prado (1800)

Family of Charles IV, Prado (c. 1801)†

Francisca Sabasa y Garcia, National Gallery, Washington

Jacques-Louis David 1748-1825

Mme Recamier, Louvre (1800)

Other noteworthy artists:

Nicholas Hilliard 1547-1619

Paul Bril 1554-1626

Annibale Carracci 1560-1609

Orazio Gentileschi c. 1563-1639

Francisco Ribalta 1565-1628

Michelangelo Merisi (Caravaggio) 1571-1610

Cristofano Allori 1577-1621

Peter Paul Rubens 1577-1640

Adam Elsheimer c. 1578-1610

Hercules Seghers c. 1590-1633

Esaias van de Velde c. 1590-1630

Gerrit von Honthorst 1590-1656

Il Guercino (Giovanni Barbieri) 1591-1666

Georges de La Tour 1593-1652

Artemisia Gentileschi 1593-c. 1652

Nicolas Poussin 1594-1665

Gian Lorenzo Bernini 1598-1680

Claude Mellan 1598-1688

Anthony van Dyck 1599-1641

Claude Lorrain 1600-1682

David Teniers the Younger 1610-1690

Gerrit Dou (1613-1675)

Gerard Terborch 1617-1681

Philips Wouwermans 1619-1668

Charles Lebrun 1619-1690

Samuel van Hoogstraten 1627-1678

Pieter de Hooch 1629-1684

Jan van der Heyden 1637-1712

Sebastiano Ricci 1659-1734

Jean-Antoine Watteau 1684-1721

Giovanni Tiepolo 1696-1770

William Hogarth 1697-1764

Pietro Longhi 1701-1785

Allan Ramsay 1713-1784

Giovanni Piranesi 1720-1778

Bernardo Bellotto 1722-1780

Joshua Reynolds 1723-1792

Thomas Gainsborough 1727-1788

Anton Mengs 1728-1779

Jean-Honoré Fragonard 1732-1806

George Romney 1734-1802

Richard Cosway 1742-1821

Élisabeth Vigée-Le Brun 1755-1842

Francois-Marius Granet 1755-1849

Henry Raeburn 1756-1823

John Crome 1768-1821

19TH/20TH CENTURIES:

John Constable 1776-1837

Boat-building Near Flatford Mill, Victoria and Albert Museum, London

The Hay Wain, National Gallery, London

Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot 1796-1875

Ville d'Avray, National Gallery, Washington

Eugène Delacroix 1798-1863

Salon du Roi, Bourbon Palace, Paris

Gustave Courbet 1819-1877

A Burial at Ornans, Musée d’Orsay, Paris

Camille Pissarro 1830-1903

The Red Roofs, Musée d’Orsay (1877)

Boulevard Montmartre on Rainy Day, Private

Edouard Manet 1832-1883

The Railway, National Gallery, Washington

Bar at the Folies-Bergère, Courtauld Institute, London

Edgar Degas 1834-1917

The Dance Class, Musée d’Orsay

Paul Cézanne 1839-1906

The House of the Hanged Man at Auvers, Louvre

Still Life with a Fruit Dish, Lecomte Collection, Paris

Mont Sainte-Victoire, Metropolitan Museum of Art

Man with Crossed Arms, Guggenheim Museum, New York

Apples and Oranges, Musée d’Orsay (c. 1899)

Claude Monet 1840-1926

Impression, Sunrise, Musée Marmottan Monet, Paris (1873)†
Highway Bridge at Argenteuil, National Gallery, Washington (1874)

Waterlilies, Musee de l'Orangerie, Paris

Water-Lilies, National Museum of Western Art, Tokyo

Pierre-Auguste Renoir 1841-1919

Portrait of Romaine Lascaux, Cleveland Museum of Art
La Grenouillère, National Museum, Stockholm

Luncheon of the Boating Party, Philips Collection, Washington

Henri Matisse 1869-1954

The Large Studio, Pushkin Museum, Moscow

Flowering Ivy, Lasker collection, New York

Pablo Picasso 1881-1973

La vie (Life), Museum of Art, Cleveland
Les Demoiselles d’Avignon (The Young Ladies of Avignon), Museum of Modern Art, New York

Other noteworthy artists:

J.M.W. Turner 1775-1851

Jean-Auguste Dominique Ingres 1780-1867

David Wilkie 1785-1841

Théodore Géricault 1791-1824

Thomas Cole 1801-1848

Richard Parkes Bonington 1802-1828

Honoré Daumier 1808-1879

Christen Kobke 1810-1848

Theodore Rousseau 1812-1867

Adolph Menzel 1815-1905

George Inness 1825-1894

Arnold Böcklin 1827-1901

James McNeill Whistler 1834-1903

James Tissot 1836-1902

Henri Fantin-Latour 1836-1904

Lawrence Alma-Tadema 1836-1912

Alfred Sisley 1839-1899

Berthe Morisot 1841-1895

Wilhelm Liebl 1844-1900

Pál Szinyei Merse 1845-1920

Fritz Thaulow 1847-1906

Max Liebermann 1847-1935

August Strindberg 1849-1912

Peder Krøyer 1851-1909

Vincent van Gogh 1853-1890

Laurits Andersen Ring 1854-1933

John Peter Russell 1858-1930

Philip Wilson Steer 1860-1942

Peter Ilsted 1861-1933

Joaquín Sorolla 1863-1923

Ramon Casas i Carbó 1866-1932
Eduoard Vuillard 1868-1940

Piet Mondrian 1872-1944

Max Švadinský 1873-1962

Raoul Dufy 1877-1953

Edward Hopper 1882-1967

Maurice Utrillo 1883-1955

Jules Pascin 1885-1930

M.C. (Maurits Cornelis) Escher 1898-1972

A FEW GREAT WESTERN SCULPTORS AND THEIR WORKS

Thutmose (14^th c. BC)

Akhenaten, Egyptian Museum, Cairo (c. 1300s BC)†

Myron (5^th c. BC)

Discobolos, copy in National Museum, Rome (c. 450 BC)†

Athena and Marsyas, copy in Liebighaus Museum, Frankfurt (c. 450 BC)†

Polykleitos (5^th c. BC)

Doryphoros (Spear Carrier), copy in Vatican Museum (c. 450 BC)

Wounded Amazon, copies known

Phidias (c. 495 BC-c. 430 BC)

Athena Lemnia, copies known (c. 450 BC)†

Athena, Parthenon, Athens (c. 438 BC)

Man with Helmet, copy in National Museum, Reggio di Calabria (attrib. uncertain)

Unknown, possibly Alcamenes, Agoracritus, others (5^th c. BC)

Parthenon, Athens (c. 440s BC)

Unknown (5^th c. BC)

Caryatids, Erechtheion, Athens (c. 421-405 BC)†

Praxiteles (4^th c. BC)

Aphrodite of Knidos, copy in Vatican Museum (4^th c. BC)

Hermes with the Infant Dionysus (4^th c. BC)

Lysippos (4^th c. BC)

Herakles, copy in Pitti Palace (4^th c. BC)

Boxer of Thermon, copy in National Roman Museum

Agias, copy in Museum of Delphi

Alexander, copies known (c. 330 BC)

Skopas (4^th c. BC)

Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, British Museum (attrib. uncertain)

Chares (4^th c. BC)

Kresilas, Demetrios (4^th c. BC)

Perikles, copies in Vatican and British Museum

Wounded Amazon, copies known (attrib.)

Hagesandros, Athenodoros, Polydoros of Rhodes (2^nd c. BC)

Laocoön and his Sons, Cortile de Belvedere, Vatican (c. 175 BC?)

Unknown, possibly Apollonius (2^nd c. BC)

Torso (Belvedere Torso), Cortile de Belvedere, Vatican

Unknown, possibly Alexandros (2^nd c. BC)

Aphrodite of Melos, Louvre (c. 130 BC) (attrib. uncertain)†

Nicola Pisano (c. 1220-c 1278)

Baptistery, Pisa (c. 1258-78)

Baptistery, Siena Cathedral (1265-68)

Arnolfo di Cambio (c. 1245-c. 1310)

Tomb of Cardinal de Braye, San Domenico, Orvieto

Giovanni Pisano (c. 1250-1314)

Andrea Pisano (c. 1270-1348)

Baptistery Doors, Piazza San Giovanni, Florence (1330-36)

Campanile, Florence (c 1337-47)

Donatello (1386-1466)

St. Mark, Orsanmichele, Florence (1411-13)

Gattamelatta, Piazza del Santo, Padua (1444-53)

Lorenzo Ghiberti (1378-1455)

St. John the Baptist, Orsanmichele

Baptistery doors (The Gates of Paradise), San Giovanni, Florence (1425-52)†

Madonna and Child, Detroit Institute of Art, Detroit

Luca della Robbia (1400-1482)

Mino da Fiesole (1429-1484)

Leonardo da Vinci

Michelangelo Buonarrotti

Bacchus, Museo Nazionale del Bargello, Florence

Pietà, Vatican (1499)

David, Academy of Fine Arts, Florence (1501-04)†

Madonna and Child, Church of Our Lady, Bruges

Medici Chapel, San Lorenzo, Florence

Francesco Primaticcio (1504-1570)

Giambologna (Jean Boulogne) (1529-1608)

Francesco Mochi (1580-1654)

Gian Lorenzo Bernini (1598-1680)

Bust of Scipio Borghese, Galleria Borghese, Rome (1632)

Bust of Costanza Buonarelli, National Museum, Florence

Cornaro Chapel, Santa Maria della Borgello, Florence

The Ecstasy of St. Theresa, Santa Maria della Vittoria, Rome

Fountain of the Four Rivers, Piazza Navona, Rome

Auguste Rodin (1840-1917)

The Kiss, Musée Rodin, Paris (1889)

The Gates of Hell, Musée Rodin

For biographies of these great artists and images of their works, visit The Artchive or The Web Gallery of Art

A FEW GREAT CHINESE AND JAPANESE PAINTERS

Gu Kaizhi (Ku K’ai-chih) (c. 345-406), Dai Kuei (Tai K’uei) (4^th c.)

Zhan Ziqian (Chan Tzu-ch’ien) (6^th c.)

Traveling in Spring (attrib.), Palace Museum, Beijing

Yan Liben (Yen Li-pen) (7^th c.)

Li Sixun (Li Ssu-hsun), Zhang Xuan (Chang Hsüan) (7^th-8^th c.)

Wu Daoxi (Wu Tao-tzu) (8^th c.)

Wang Wei (c. 699-759)

Wangchuan Villa (attrib.) (8^th c.)†

Scenery of Snow and Creek (attrib.)

Fu Sheng (attrib.)

Guan Tong (Kuan T’ung) (9^th-10^th c.)

Jing Hao (Ching Hao) (c 900-c 960)

Guo Zhongshu (Kuo Chung-shu)

Huang Quan (Huang Ch’uan) (903-968)

Dong Yuan (Tung Yuan) (10^th c.)

Views along the Xiao (Hsiao) and Xiang (Hsiang) Rivers, Palace

Museum (c. 950)

Along The Riverbank at Dusk

Li Cheng (Li Ch’eng) (c. 919-c. 967)

A Solitary Temple amid Clearing Peaks (attrib.)

Juran (Chü-jan) (10^th c.)

Seeking the Way in the Autumn Mountains, National Palace Museum, T’aipei

Fan Kuan (10^th-11^th c.)

Travelers amid Mountains and Streams, National Palace Museum (c. 1010)†

Guo Xi (Kuo Hsi) (c. 1020-c. 1090)

Li Tang (Li T’ang) (c.1050-c. 1130), Zhao Lingrang (Chao Ling-jang) (11^th-12^th c.)

Mi Fu (1052-1109)

Wang Ximeng (Wang Hsi-meng) (c. 1096-c. 1120)

Zhang Zeduan (Chang Tse-tuan) (11^th c.?)

Zhao Boju (Chao Po-chu) (1120-1182)

Mu-ch’i (12^th-13^th c.)

Scenes of the Xiao (Hsiao) and Xiang (Hsiang) Rivers, Nezu Art Museum, Tokyo

Ma Yuan (12^th-13^th c.)

On a Mountain Path in Spring, National Palace Museum

Scholar Contemplating the Moon, Metropolitan Museum

Xia Gui (Hsia Kuei) (12^th-13^th c.)

Clear and Distant Views of Streams and Mountains, National Palace Museum

Gao Keming (Kao K’o-ming) (11^th c.?)
Wen Tong (Wen T’ung) (1019-1079)

Hui-tsung (1082-1135)

Huang Gongwang (Huang Kung-wang), Wu Zhen (Wu Chen), Wang Meng (13^th-14^th century)

Ch’ien Hsüan (1235-1301), Zhao Mengfu (Chao Meng-fu) (1254-1322)

Josetsu (13^th-14^th c.)

Tensho Shubun (1414-1463)

Winter and Spring Landscape, Cleveland Museum of Art (attrib.)

Sesshu Toyo (1420-1506)

Landscape of the Four Seasons (Sansui Chokan)

View of Ama-no-Hashidate, Kyoto National Museum (c. 1501-05)

Shen Chou (1427-1509)

Kano Masanobu (1434-1530)

So-ami (15^th c.-1525)

Zhou Chen (Chou Ch’en) (15^th-16^th c.), Tang Yin (T’ang Yin) (1470-1524)

Qiu Ying (Ch’iu Ying) (15^th-16^th c.)

Hasegawa Tohaku (1539-1610), Kano Eitoku (1543-1590)

Hon'ami Koetsu (1558-1637)

Ogata Korin (c. 1658-1716)

Irises, Nezu Museum, Tokyo

Katsushika Hokusai (1760-1849)

Ando Tokitaro Hiroshige (1797-1858)

THE GREAT MUSEUMS:

Vatican Museum, Rome

Louvre, Paris

Prado, Madrid

National Gallery, London

National Gallery, Washington

Palace Museum, Beijing

Pitti Palace, Florence

Gemaldegalerie, Berlin

Uffizi, Florence

Kunsthistoriches, Vienna

National Museum, Rome

Musee d’Orsay, Paris

Egyptian Museum, Cairo

Santa Maria Novella, Florence

Accademia, Venice